Hanuman

Classical sources present Hanuman as a vanara born to Anjana and Kesari and as the spiritual or physical son of the wind‑god Vāyu (hence epithets like Vāyuputra/Pavanputra/Maruti). Some sectarian traditions additionally identify him as an incarnation or manifestation connected with Śiva (Rudra) or describe composite divine origins in later regional texts; sources record multiple, sometimes competing, origin narratives rather than a single etymology or genealogy.

Described as a vanara (simian/monkey‑like chief), later iconography emphasizes a powerful, muscular simian form often shown with a gada (mace) and devotional posture toward Rama. Some traditions attribute the epithet Panchavaktra ('five‑faced') and portrayals vary across texts and devotional art. Texts and summaries link him to forest abodes such as the Kaṇḍa/Kaḍali forest and other forest settings; later regional accounts sometimes associate him with Himalayan locales in popular or Puranic storytelling.

Sources attribute to Hanuman superhuman strength, the ability to leap or fly long distances (classical Ramayana episodes and later retellings recount feats such as the leap to Lanka and carrying of a mountain in later literature), extraordinary speed and martial prowess, and protective, rescuing functions (Sankata Mochana). His powers are often explained by descent from Vāyu (wind) and by sectarian accounts that connect him to Śiva or other divine sources. Ethically he is famed for unwavering devotion (bhakti) to Rama, selfless service, courage, and—traditionally celebrated—lifelong celibacy.