鎮魂帰神 (Chinkon kishin)

Chinkon kishin (鎮魂帰神) is identified in sources as a two-part religious practice originating in late 19th-century Japan. Its compound name encodes its operative intent: chinkon (to calm or settle souls) and kishin (to return [them] to the kami). The practice was first taught and practiced by Chikaatsu Honda and transmitted via his disciple Katsutate Nagasawa to Onisaburo Deguchi, who popularized it in Oomoto in the early 20th century. It was widely practiced in Oomoto between 1916 and 1921 and thereafter became a basic practice from which several Shinto-based new religions derived their own forms. The available sources do not provide liturgical texts, stepwise procedures, or material culture associated with the ritual; contemporary Oomoto contains highly modified versions while Shintō Tenkōkyo and Ananaikyo reportedly preserve it in closer to original form. Because primary procedural details are absent from the cited materials, descriptions concentrate on history, naming, institutional adoption, and inferred purpose rather than on specific rites or instruments.