Drude

The term appears in Middle High German as trute (female trutin/trutin), with dialectal forms such as trūde (Thuringian) and trūd (Swabian, Bavarian, Austrian, Rhenish Franconian). Current philological opinion favors derivation from Middle High German trute related to Old Norse troða 'to tread, to trample' and hence to modern German treten ('to tread'), linking the name to the creature's nocturnal 'treading' on sleepers. An alternative etymology recorded in Grimms' dictionary connects trute to MHG trût ('dear, beloved') as a possible euphemistic naming practice; this view is recorded in older scholarship but considered less probable by some modern commentators. These attestations place the Drude within a long-standing Germanic lexicon of nocturnal pressure-causing spirits.

Accounts emphasize variability: the Drude may assume various sizes, being tiny enough to enter houses as a small creature (even likened to a butterfly) or capable of growing into a giantess that leaves large footprints on stone. Some traditions describe only the witch's spirit leaving the body to perform nightly visitations, indicating an incorporeal or partially incorporeal mode when active. The Drudenfuss (literally 'drude's foot') motif is interpreted locally as representing the agent's footprint.

The Drude's principal function is causing Alpdruck ('elf pressure') — visiting sleepers at night to press upon them and produce nightmares or a sensation of suffocation. Traditions attribute to it shape-changing between very small and very large sizes and spirit-projection (the witch's spirit departing the body to perform nocturnal attacks). Folk responses indicate interaction mechanics: a victim who seizes an object may compel the Trude to beg for its release; localized customs report that throwing a pillow, pronouncing a holy name, or placing a hackle (comb) spikes-up on the chest will repel or deter it.