In Jain traditional chronology Munisuvrata is the twentieth tīrthaṅkara of the current avasarpini. Sources record his birth to parents Sumitra and Padmavati at Rājagṛha (Rajgir) in a remote traditional date (given in some summaries as 1,184,980 BC in Jain chronological reckoning). He ruled as a cakravartin/king for a long rājyakāla (reported as 15,000 years), spent extended periods as youth and prince, and ultimately renounced the world to undertake ascetic discipline. After performing austerities he attained kevala jñāna (omniscience, in Jain belief) and later achieved nirvāṇa; his life-pattern—royal rule followed by renunciation and liberation—follows the conventional tīrthaṅkara model in Jain hagiography.
Traditional biographies give Munisuvrata an idealized, large stature recorded as 20 dhanusha (a textual measure), and describe his complexion as "the dark one." Iconographically he is identified by the tortoise emblem and is depicted either seated or standing in meditative pose (including kayotsarga/standing meditation). Jivantasvami-type representations portray him in a princely standing form wearing crown and ornaments. Historical and modern images and monumental statues (for example in Jainaragutti, Paithan, Keshoraipatan, Shantinath Teerth, and a Devanirmita stupa in Mathura) attest to continuities in his visual cult.
Jain sources attribute to Munisuvrata the spiritual attainments proper to a tīrthaṅkara: attainment of kevala jñāna after extended austerities (accounts note eleven months of austerities culminating in omniscience under a Champaka tree), the strict observance of ascetic vows, and final liberation (nirvāṇa) on a calendrical day (reported as phālguna kṛṣṇa dvādaśi). He is also described in tradition as founding a sangha with ganadhāras (chief disciples; e.g., Malli Svāmi in some accounts) and having attendant yakṣa and yakṣinī figures (Varuṇa; Bahurūpinī in Digambara and Naradattā in Śvetāmbara traditions). These are presented as doctrinal and hagiographic claims within Jain literature.
Samantabhadra
Samantabhadra is a sacred name used across Indian-origin traditions. In Mahāyāna Buddhism it denotes a major bodhisattva associated with practice, vows, and the transfer of merit; in Tibetan Buddhism the name (Tibetan: Kuntu Zangpo) is also used for an Adi‑Buddha or primordial principle in Dzogchen contexts; separately, Samantabhadra is the name of a historical second‑century Digambara Jain monk and author of works such as the Ratnakaranda Gaurav.
Mujina (貉)
A Japanese folkloric shapeshifting creature associated with badger-like and tanuki-like animals; classed among yōkai, mujina perform transformations, illusions, and pranks, and in some tales repay kindness or enact retribution when harmed.
Muldjewangk
A water-creature of Ngarrindjeri tradition associated with the Murray River and Lake Alexandrina. Described variously as merfolk-like or a gargantuan monster, Muldjewangk figures appear in stories that warn of river dangers, wreck fishing gear, and in at least one account attack a steamboat.
Mullissu
Assyrian goddess and consort of Asshur, associated with fertility, marriage, and family. (Note: 1. Power tier: Based on her association with a major deity (Asshur) and potential identity with Ninlil, a goddess on par with Enlil, Mullissu's power tier should be Primordial or Ancient, not Greater.)
Mummy (undead) (Egyptian tradition)
In Egyptian folklore, a mummy is an undead creature believed to be the reanimated corpse of a deceased person. (Note: * Power tier: Should be Primordial, given the association with cosmic entities and magical powers tied to ancient Egyptian rituals. * Abilities: Clarify that supernatural abilities refer to those on a)
Mumudu (Mamu)
Mumudu (more commonly Mamu) is a Mesopotamian deity associated with dreams, attested both as described in god lists as one of the seven Šassūrātu/assuratu and in other texts as a daughter of the sun god Shamash/Utu who could be called the 'Utu of dreams'. Surviving excerpts provide no iconography or ritual prescriptions tied specifically to her.
Muneeswarar
Muneeswarar is a Tamil folk Hindu rural guardian deity venerated especially in Tamil Nadu and Tamil diaspora communities as protector of plantations, estates, and as an attendant or emanation connected to Shiva and to major folk goddesses such as Mariamman. His cult exists in both orthodox Vedic/Agamic temple modes and in non-Vedic folk modes, and much of his history and attributes are preserved in oral tradition and temple practice rather than in Vedic or Purāṇic texts.
Munjeon (Munjeon Bonpuri)
A Jeju Island household deity-concept focused on the house doorway, preserved in a shamanic narrative genre (Bonpuri) that explains the doorway's place within the Gasin, the ensemble of household deities.
Munjya
Spirit of a Konkani boy who died before his sacred thread ceremony, forever trapped between childhood and adulthood — mischievous, lonely, and hungry for belonging.
Murmur
Murmur is a named infernal figure attested in modern reference compilations and cultural listings of Western grimoire/demonological names. The supplied sources show Murmur appears as an entry on Wikipedia/Wikidata and in contemporary creative occult writing, but the present corpus does not include primary grimoire texts or historical conjurations specifying origin, appearance, or powers.
Muses
Divine inspirational figures of ancient Greek religion and mythology who personify and authorize the arts, literature, and learned knowledge; traditionally enumerated as nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne in the Hesiodic account and associated with sacred springs and cult sites such as Mount Helicon and Delphi.
Musgosu
Musgosu (alternately attested as busgosu) is a named figure in the folk catalogs of Cantabria and is also mentioned in Asturian popular-legends material. Available sources record the name and regional placement but provide no detailed ethnographic description; one comparative commentary equates the name with the Basque Basajaun as an analogue rather than supplying direct Cantabrian testimony.
Community Record
- [1]Wikipedia: Munisuvrata. Wikipedia contributors. "Munisuvrata." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.wiki
- [2]Wikidata: Munisuvrata. Wikidata entry Q2790039 for Munisuvrata.wiki
- [3]Shantinath Jain Teerth (page). Wikipedia contributors. "Shantinath Jain Teerth."wiki
- [4]Jina Munisuvrata, 11th century (Art Gallery of NSW). Art Gallery of New South Wales: catalogue entry for a Jina Munisuvrata image.other
- [5]Paithan – ecoheritage (Paithan tirth information). Paithan tirth description (regional heritage source).other
- [6]Jain Society of Tampa Bay: Tirthankar summaries. Community summary of Jaina tīrthaṅkara biographies.other
- [7]Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Lives of the Jinas (Internet Sacred Text Archive). Sacred-texts.com: translation/collection of Jaina lives (SBE22).literary