The Gibraltar population consists of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) historically present on the Rock and repeatedly associated with North African populations. Sources note repeated introductions and incomplete founder records have obscured exact origins; mitochondrial DNA affinities link them to North African groups while allowing that an ancient European remnant cannot be definitively excluded. Historical chroniclers framed them as longstanding occupants of the Rock, surviving successive human occupations and military actions.
Tailless macaques (the taillessness being the feature that leads to popular misnaming as 'apes'). Described in sources as Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) without detailed morphological measurements in the provided material; present in multiple troops concentrated around the Upper Rock and the Ape's Den (Queen's Gate).
Biological behaviors documented in the sources: live in social troops (five troops occupying the Upper Rock in recent counts), habituated to human presence and often approach or climb onto people, will bite if frightened or annoyed, adept at foraging including opening pockets and unzipping bags to steal food, and—according to 2026 research—practice geophagy (eating soil) to mitigate gut irritation from salty/sugary human foods. Population in Gibraltar has been increasing (about 300 animals as of 2020), contrasted with declining North African populations.
Weaknesses
- conditionlegal prohibition on feeding (fine up to £4,000)
- conditionavoidance and secured belongings (secure bags/pockets to prevent theft)
Wards
- otherenforcement of anti-feeding laws and signage
- othersite management concentrating macaques in Upper Rock (Ape's Den/Queen's Gate) and visitor guidance
*Perkʷūnos
*Perkʷūnos is the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European thunder‑god hypothesized by comparative linguistics and mythology. Scholarly reconstructions portray him as a storm or thunder figure associated with fructifying rain and as the combatant who fights a multi‑headed water‑serpent to release life‑giving waters; no direct attestations from the Proto‑Indo‑European period survive and the figure is inferred from later Indo‑European traditions.
*Péh₂usōn (reconstructed)
Péh₂usōn is a hypothetical Proto‑Indo‑European pastoral guardian reconstructed by comparative scholars from parallels in Greek and Vedic traditions. Proposed as a Graeco‑Aryan ancestor‑figure, the reconstruction describes a protector of flocks, roads, and travellers rather than an attested historical cultic personality.
57 Mnemosyne
57 Mnemosyne is a large main-belt asteroid (S-type) discovered in 1859 and named after the Greek Titaness Mnemosyne. It is a non-sentient astronomical body studied for its orbital and rotational properties and has been used in dynamical measurements related to Jupiter.
Abaddon
In Hebrew scripture Abaddon is primarily a noun meaning 'destruction' or a section/condition of the underworld paired with Sheol; in the New Testament Book of Revelation Abaddon is personified as an angelic figure (Greek Apollyon) described as the king of an army of locusts released from the abyss during the apocalypse.
Aban Yasht
The Aban Yasht is a hymn from the Persian tradition that praises Anahita, a goddess associated with water, fertility, and wisdom. It consists of 132 stanzas and is part of the 21 Yashts collection. (Note: - Power tier should be "Primordial" or possibly "Cosmic", given that it's a hymn of great spiritual significance and associated with a goddess. - The article incorrectly states that Anahita is associa)
Abath
No corroborated folkloric entity named "Abath" is documented in the provided sources. The string appears in the supplied material only as a surname/personal name in Aruban/Dutch-Caribbean archival records and as an unrelated taxonomic or encyclopedic hit; no mythic attributes, origin stories, rituals, or apotropaic practices for an entity called Abath are present in the documents reviewed.
Abatur
Abatur is an uthra (celestial emanation) in Mandaeism described as the 'father of the Uthras' and called the Ancient (ʿattīqā). He resides on the boundary between the World of Light and lower regions, functions as a judge who weighs souls (Abatur Muzania), and supplies instructions and materials to the demiurgic uthra Ptahil in accounts from the Diwan (Scroll) of Abatur.
Abatwa (Twa / Batwa)
Abatwa (also recorded as Twa, Batwa, Mutwa; singular forms Barhwa or Murhwa in some transcriptions) are indigenous hunter‑gatherer peoples of the Great Lakes region of Central Africa, historically identified as some of the earliest inhabitants of the area. The available sources treat them as human ethnic groups whose livelihoods, lands, and populations have been severely affected by conservation policies and modern violence.
Abellio
Abellio is a theonym attested in Roman‑period inscriptions from the Comminges area of the Pyrenees and reported as worshipped in the Garonne Valley of ancient Gallia Aquitania. Surviving evidence is limited to a small number of inscriptions; scholars have variously hypothesized solar or arboreal associations and compared the name to forms of Apollo or to Celtic Belenus, but the deity's precise role in local cosmology remains uncertain.
Abraham
Abraham (originally Abram) is the foundational patriarchal ancestor in the Hebrew Bible whose life establishes a covenantal relationship between his family/people and God. He functions as an exemplar of faith, the progenitor of promised descendants, and a narrative anchor for claims of land, blessing, and communal identity in later religious traditions.
Abraun
Abraun is an attested name in German-language plant-legend scholarship (Der abraun, ein beitrag zur pflanzensagenkunde, 1916) and a short database entry (Wikidata) labels it as a spirit from German mythology. Surviving accessible documentation is extremely limited: the principal academic treatment is a 1916 contribution to pflanzensagenkunde (plant-saga studies), but the excerpts available here contain only bibliographic metadata and do not record tales, descriptions, or rituals.
Abtin
Abtin (Persian: آبتین), attested also as Athwya, is a mythic ancestral figure in Iranian tradition described in Avestan and later epic literature as one of a small set of formative human-like figures involved in preparing the corporeal world and as the father of the epic hero-king Fereydun in the Shahnama.
Community Record
- [1]Barbary macaques in Gibraltar — Wikipedia. Wikipedia: 'Barbary macaques in Gibraltar' article (accessed sources summarised in research notes).wiki
- [2]Wikidata entry: Barbary macaques in Gibraltar. Wikidata item Q2555330 summarising structured data on the Gibraltar macaques.other
- [3]Archive home movie / travel footage (Flickr/Archive). Archive item containing eyewitness/photographic material documenting tourist interactions and macaque behavior.other
- [4]1930s Home Movie (Archive). Archive home movie footage used as historical observational source on macaques and visitor encounters.other
- [5]VOA Global English broadcast (May 31, 2020). Voice of America broadcast including reportage relevant to Gibraltar macaques (population, tourism, management).other